Solstice

1. Celestial event brought about by a combination of the earth's rotation round the sun and the tilt of the angle of the earth's equatorial plane. Over the course of  a solar year, the latitude on the earth above which the sun directly shines moves from 23 and a half degrees north (the tropic of cancer) to the same position south (the tropic of capricorn). The solstices on June 21^st and December 21^st mark, respectively, the northernmost and southernmost points of this apparent journey of the sun across the sky. The equinoxes, on March 21^st and September 21^st, mark the points when the sun is directly above the equator.

The practical upshot of this is that the angle of the sun in the sky changes, to a greater or lesser extend depending upon latitude; and the range of stars visible changes also.

The variation in the angle of the sun in the sky at different times of the year is the most direct cause of the changes in the seasons. For example, in the northern hemisphere on the December solstice, the sun is low in the sky and it is winter. On the June solstice the sun is high in the sky and it is summer. It also affects the length of the days, which effect increases exponentially with latitude. The solstice is the shortest or the longest day of the year: at the tropics, the summer solstice day is only an hour or two longer than the winter solstice day, whereas at 50 degrees latitude, the difference is about 8 hours.

2. The second definition of a solstice is that it is an excuse for  hippies to have a party and worship a variety of mystical things. Evidenced vaguely on the back of a few neolithic buildings that appear to have a solstice marker built in, and a few ancient scriptures that encourage solstice worship wrapped in layers of metaphor, such people believe that the ancients worshipped the solstices above all other events, and that to do so is fundamental to our place in the universe. Some believe it is sacreligious and dishonorable not to do so. As a result, such people are often to be seen hanging around at places like Stonehenge in the middle of the night waiting to watch the solstice sun rise over the stones. What they expect to happen at these places, apart from the sun rising as normal, is a mystery. What is slightly less mysterious is that the summer solstice at Stonehenge attracts many more people than the winter solstice....

Quote from a solstice 'sermon' by the Unitarian Universalists:

“This is the stillness behind motion, when time itself stops; the center which is also the circumference of all. Now darkness triumphs; and yet, gives way and changes into light. We will be awake in the dark. We will call the sun from the womb of night. As we celebrate the solstice we join across time and space all the festivals of light emerging from the dark.”

Sounds very mystical and yoghurty to me. The winter solstice is also of astrological significance, being the time when "saggitarius" moves into "capricorn".

It is generally agreed that Christmas was timed to both continue some of the traditions of, yet overshadow, the pagan festival that once marked the solstice.

The winter solstice is also seen as the birthday of the Buddha, a time to celebrate the cycle of birth and death, the death-day of Osiris, the beginning of the time of the serpent days, the beginning of the month of the birch, the best day of the year for introspection and future planning, and the best day of the year to become a vampyre. Oh and it's the specific end date for the Mayan calendar, when we will reach the end of the world/eschaton/massive shift in global consciousness, or whatever it is. But that's just this year, 2012. Just to be clear, that will not happen every winter solstice. Which is lucky.

There is no doubt that the solstice is an important astronomical event which is a significant marker in the process of the solar year. If you don't live in the tropics, that is. If you live in the tropics the solstice makes precisely bugger all difference to your life, because in the tropics it is hot all the year round and the days are about the same length. Ooh, and more than quarter of the world's population live in the tropics.

It is also clear that centuries of religious and ritualistic practice have been ascribed and attributed to the solstices, the scope of which I have only touched on here. Believe what you like, but the only things that are certain about the solstices are described in the first definition.

Unitarian Universalists

This church was formed in 1961 from two other churches, called the Unitarians and the Universalists. Clearly they spent a long time thinking about the new title. Both of these churches were traditionally Christian but nowadays, UU is not about Christianity at all.
In fact, these guys are pretty open-minded about their religious beliefs. They don't really have anything solid, you see, just some vague, wishy washy spiritual stuff about following our unique spiritual path in togetherness. And stuff. And they welcome Christians, Buddhists, Atheists and even Pagans into the fold. The aim of the church is to get people together to follow their spirituality in multiple ways, which, lets face it, is great! What a brilliant idea for a church! Way to get as many members as you can. Anyone is welcome as long as they can uphold some basic principles of respect, dignity, democracy and peace.

These people are serious hippies! Amazingly,
 - They explicitly state that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered people are completely welcome at all levels within the church;
 - They have an active environmental protection campaign known as the UU Ministry for Earth and dozens of their congregations have been accredited as "green sanctuaries";
- They also campaign for the rights of immigrants in the US;
- Their education program for children includes topics such as "Love all around us", "Journeys of the Spirit", "Circle of trees",
- and, the principles of UU draw from, amongst other things, "Direct experience of that transcending mystery and wonder, affirmed in all cultures, which moves us to a renewal of the spirit and an openness to the forces which create and uphold life."

They also clearly recognise that religion does not have all the answers to the mysteries of the Universe, just the same as the fact that Science does not. This is simply amazing stuff! 

Some of the language is quite yoghurty, mind, and there are some dubious ideas surrounding the religion. For example, they talk about having "worship" as part of the ceremonies, but it's not clear who or what is being worshipped. Instead, they just tell you what to wear, where to park, and what will happen. I guess they mean for people to worship whatever they feel like worshipping, and listen to the sermon - which is probably good if it's anything like the stuff on the website. There is a UU dating site. Of course they state that it's not a dating site but what else can be implied by "This is not a dating site, but a place for single UUs to meet and discuss life....we prefer to keep this group for adults only although we are an inclusive group."?

This UU centre in North Los Angeles is specialised for people who worship onions.

 One particularly pleasingly yoghurty idea is the Flower communion. This is a religious holiday in early Spring, during which members bring in a flower, usually one that they like in particular which is added to a special bouquet. This bouquet, as well as creating a health and safety nightmare for hayfever sufferers, represents the diversity of the people and the beliefs that come together to make the church. UU's also recognise various Christian, Jewish and other religious holidays, Earth Day, and Martin Luther King day; and readers of my book may remember that they also celebrate the solstices.

Some people argue that UU should not be called a religion at all, since there are no core beliefs, and believe that the UUs only claim to be a religion to benefit from the resultant tax-exemption.This may or may not be true.
John Broken Willow argues that this is the best religion he has ever come across, since it preaches good human ethics without spouting loads of mubo jumbo bullshit at people to keep them interested.